Treating Adverse Childhood Experiences with Tapping

Sarah Murphy, LPC, ACP-EFT • January 15, 2024

David Feinstein has contributed an article to Frontiers in Psychology which focused on “Changing the Score the Body Keeps: Somatic Therapies for Adverse Childhood Experiences.” David’s article, Using energy psychology to remediate emotional wounds rooted in childhood trauma: preliminary clinical guidelines appears in the October 18, 2023 edition. The paper provides a rationale and a roadmap for treating adverse childhood experiences with tapping (a form of energy psychology). It reviews energy psychology’s efficacy and possible mechanisms of action, explores how tapping techniques interface with neural networks involved in childhood trauma, and suggests ways to incorporate tapping in therapeutic work with survivors of childhood trauma. 

The ACEs

The article begins with the history of the ACEs. In the late 1990’s, researchers Vincent Felitti and Robert Anda of Kaiser Permanente discovered a strong connection between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and medical, psychological, and psychosocial problems throughout the lifespan. ACEs are generally divided into three categories: abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Higher numbers of ACEs are related to increased risk in health problems, mental health, and lifestyle difficulties.


As serious as the consequences of ACEs are, the research on psychotherapeutic interventions to treat them is meager. Several approaches seem relatively ineffective. In the body of literature, CBT shows the most promising results. Yet, as Bessel van der Kolk memorably pointed out in his book, The Body Keeps the Score – involving the body in healing seems to lead to better outcomes. Other researchers have pointed to mind-body therapies as effective approaches for people suffering from the aftermath of childhood trauma.


The framework

David proposes energy psychology as a mind-body tool that may be particularly helpful in overcoming ACEs. Energy psychology emerged in the 1990’s, when it was largely ridiculed and dismissed by the mainstream establishment. However, early practitioners found it to be quite effective! Today, more than 2 million downloads of the EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) phone app testify to its popularity. Moreover, a body of research points to its efficacy.


Research

The paper includes an easy-to-digest review of the research on energy psychology. David summarizes many studies and meta-analyses. Additionally, he cites the amazing results that Sakai et al (2010) found after treating children who had survived the genocide in Rwanda. In that study, 47 out of 50 participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for PTSD after a single session. In treating PTSD, according to Stapleton et al (2023), tapping can get results in four to ten sessions. By comparison, it can take eight to 15 sessions of CBT to treat PTSD, according to Watkins et al (2018).


Mechanisms

Is acupoint tapping a worthwhile exercise? Is it a “purple hat” or an essential component of energy psychology? David points to his 2023 review which found that five of six studies showed that acupoint tapping is an active ingredient in the process.

In his 2021 paper, David outlines five empirically-supported premises that support the validity of acupoint stimulation.

These include:

  1. Tapping acupoints generates electrical impulses.
  2. These impulses increase or decrease activation in brain regions involved in treatment.
  3. The words and images used while tapping activate or deactivate specific brain regions, calling the electrical signals to them.
  4. This creates neural changes, which are often durable.
  5. Tapping leads to other physiological shifts: It decreases stress hormones, changes gene expression and brainwave patterns, and improves immune and cardiovascular function.


How tapping is a good neurological fit for ACEs

Three neural networks are relevant to ACEs, as they may have become impaired during childhood brain development.

These are:

  1. The salience network, which distinguishes the important from the unimportant. An impaired salience network can lead to hyperarousal, numbing, or both. 
  2. The central executive network, which involves attention, self-regulation, working memory, and decision-making. This is also involved in coding fear. Problems in this region can cause a mismatch between threat or danger and a safe or unsafe response.
  3. The default mode network, which is responsible for our relaxed thoughts, reflections, daydreams, and where we reexperience past trauma. ACES can change the default mode network, causing a distorted memory retrieval, more distress upon these retrievals, and a biased view of interpersonal experiences.


David explains that tapping can help reduce activation of the salience network by pairing exposure therapy, which is highly arousing, with tapping, which is calming. This seems to depotentiate the neural network involved in the trauma memory. As the salience network calms down, the central executive network may reprocess data unconsciously. Moreover, tapping can repair the incorrect associations of danger with benign stimuli. Finally, as the salience and central executive networks become calmer, the ruminations of the default mode network may shift as well, becoming less distorted.


Treating adverse childhood experiences with energy psychology

While there are few recommendations for treating adverse childhood experiences, the International Society for the Traumatic Stress Studies has investigated approaches to treating complex PTSD (cPTSD), which often involves childhood trauma. Among the cluster of cPTSD symptoms, David reports, the most important to treat seem to be poor self-concept, poor emotion regulation, and relationship problems.


The literature recommends a three-pronged approach to therapy. Focus first on safety, then on trauma memory processing, and finally on generalizing gains. Within this framework, it is important to be somewhat flexible. Other life events will almost certainly arise and need attention. These clients may need continued follow-up care for tune-ups or as new stressors arise.


Guidelines

There are guidelines for using EFT to treat PTSD, and these can inform work with clients who have experiences ACEs. It is important to remember that the symptoms were initially adaptive responses to adversity. It is essential that therapists instill hope. Goals must be collaboratively created with the client. Finally, clinicians must be extra sensitive to their clients’ trauma histories. They may do well to interface with other treatment providers to help improve understanding.


David recommends introducing tapping “as early as prudent” by using it to address a low-level stressor such as an upcoming task. Energy psychology incorporates distress ratings (SUDs) at every round of tapping. This is a great way to keep clients engaged in the treatment and assessment of progress. Perhaps most importantly, energy psychology is a tool that allows clients to downregulate their arousal during treatment. It also acts as a self-help tool that can be used at any time between sessions.


For these reasons, energy psychology may be a great tool to bring to work with clients who have experienced ACEs or who have cPTSD. Kudos to David Feinstein for another well-researched and well-written paper that helps further the field of energy psychology!


Paying it forward

Do you want to bring energy psychology to children? One way to get started is to sign up for ACEP’s free Mind Body Tools for Children training. Are you a clinician or stakeholder wanting to bring energy psychology to your community? Enroll in ACEP’s free Emotional First Aid training. If you would like to build your energy psychology skills, consider getting trained in TFT or EFT. Finally, you can stay up to date with the research on energy psychology here, or ask Research Committee chair John Freedom to be added to his mailing list at research_committee@energypsych.org.  


Author

Sarah Murphy, LPC, ACP-EFT, is the ACEP board secretary and communications committee chair. She is a counselor in private practice and specializes in working with people who have serious illnesses.



Photo by Nathan Dumlao on Unsplash

By Lori Chortkoff Hops • October 14, 2026
December 1961 - September 2026 Personal reflections by Lori Chortkoff Hops, PhD, DCEP, Former ACEP President Shockingly, we lost a great one. Teacher extraordinaire. Multitalented healer. Introspective thinker. Generously hearted. Craig Weiner lived life with gusto, whether vibing with international creative expressions of formal and street art or cherishing exotic cuisine, deftly climbing rocky heights, or sunset kayaking with whales in the sound. Craig was ever curious for the next adventure, delighted with spontaneous encounters with new and familiar souls and animals, sounds and colors. Holding a razor-sharp memory, Craig could easily quote an apt phrase, whether common or obscure, at a moment's notice , highlighting one of his many areas of expertise or fascination. How strange indeed to be left with the echoes of silence his memory traces through our collective grief. Only months before his passing from the physical form, Craig and his beloved wife and partner, Alina Frank , were newly settling into their home in sunny Mexico, far from their home of many years in the lush wetlands of the Pacific Northwest. In true Craig style, he befriended many people right away, while sharing his antics with those at home through his active social media sites. Many relished his detailed narratives with videos from stunning desert, sea, mountain, and waters of the world. Craig greeted people with glee, with his trusted dog Bibi (aka Habibi Bear) in tow. In true Craig fashion, Bibi sometimes was carried and worn like a scarf, riding on the back of Craig's neck. Craig gave unceasingly from his soul for the well-being of all, leaving an immeasurable impact on the field of energy healing. His accomplishments are broad and deep, and can be found listed on his website . In his brief time with us, though he accomplished much, he left many dreams unrealized. It is up to us to find our way to extend what we loved best about Craig, and make it happen with him in mind. Beyond his vast curricula of knowledge and products and classes, I was most touched by Craig's unceasing commitment to excellence, deeply sharing authentically from his heart moments of pain and joy, his snappy sense of humor, and his infectious smile with a hearty laugh asking us to meet his mood with our own joy. Craig's life is honored with two memorial services, in his two homes, with beloved friends and family. And we will all be able to track Craig's eternal spirit when we hear the splash of sea life, see silver light dancing on the water, and feel the warmth of love in laughing eyes, no matter the species. You can learn more about Craig's life story and work in his own words through this podcast interview with me . If you wish to donate to a charity in Craig Weiner's name, his wife Alina Frank has kindly requested choosing Jovenes Adelante . Jóvenes Adelante AC is a Mexican Donataria Autorizada; JA is a 501 (c) (3) non profit. All financial contributions are tax deductible. About the Autor Lori Chortkoff Hops, PhD, DCEP is a licensed psychologist in Westlake Village, California, USA. She is certified in Comprehensive Energy Psychology and Logosynthesis. Lori is a past ACEP president and Reiki master. Learn more about Lori at www.drlorihops.com . Lori teaches online intuition classes and consultation. Check out her podcast Healing Tips from the Heart: Helpers, Healers and Guides.
By Dawn Eidelman • October 14, 2026
Widening the Circle: The Ripple Effect (Part 1 of 3) 
By Amy Frost • October 14, 2026
When people hear the words humanitarian work, they may imagine traveling across the world to respond to a war, natural disaster, or humanitarian crisis. That work matters enormously. But over many years of working with veterans, military families, first responders, community leaders, and the ACEP Humanitarian Committee, I have learned something equally important: You do not have to travel across the world to change the world. You can begin with the community right in front of you. I grew up in a military family. I was born on an Air Force base. My uncle, a Navy pilot, died in a plane crash when I was very young. Years later, my husband Tom died during Desert Storm, and the life I thought I had mapped out suddenly disappeared. At the time, I had a successful career with the Department of Defense. I had an MBA. I knew how to organize, manage, execute, and get things done. Grief didn't particularly care. Eventually, my own search for healing led me to earn a master's degree in spiritual psychology. Over time, what began as my own journey became a calling to serve veterans and their families—and, increasingly, the many people who spend their lives serving others. Build Community Before the Crisis One of the most important lessons I have learned about humanitarian work is surprisingly simple: Don't just run in to help. Build relationships first. Years ago, through ACEP's humanitarian work, Suzanne Connolly, Dr. Kristin Miller, and I became involved in developing what evolved into a Veteran-to-Veteran project in Las Vegas. We didn't simply arrive with a program and tell veterans what we thought they needed. We reached out to people already trusted within the veteran community—leaders connected with the VA, Nevada veterans' services, veteran groups, and other community organizations. We listened. We built relationships and earned their buy-in. Then we introduced tools from Thought Field Therapy and energy psychology that they could use themselves and share within the circles where they already had trust. My job was not to become the center of the system. My job was to help strengthen the system that was already there. Our final formal training took place in April 2017. Six months later, on October 1, Las Vegas experienced a devastating mass shooting.  Suddenly, the relationships we had spent years cultivating mattered in ways none of us could have anticipated. I didn't have to figure out how to reach an entire traumatized city. The network already existed. I could reach the leaders I knew, support them, and help them support their own communities. Build community before the crisis. When something happens, you won't be starting from zero. The Ripples Create More Ripples Today, I continue working with veterans and their families throughout Las Vegas. I support the Rebel Vets community at UNLV when they need me, and I facilitate a monthly gathering at the City of North Las Vegas Veterans & Community Resource Center. We deliberately call it Women's Fun Day . Why? Because if we called it Suicide Prevention, a lot of people who need connection might never walk through the door. Women veterans come, but so do spouses, adult children, caregivers, and community supporters. We talk. We laugh. We practice something simple—a breathing technique, tapping, another self-regulation tool. Sometimes I support them. Sometimes they support me. And then something wonderful happens: people take what they learn and carry it somewhere else. One veteran I've known for years is now in pastry school and mentoring younger people there. She is sharing some of the practices she has learned with the young people she encounters. Others have created simple “walk and talk” gatherings in local parks or brought self-care practices into coffee shops and community groups. This is how humanitarian work grows: the ripples create more ripples. It doesn't always require a large grant, a formal program, or an airplane ticket. Sometimes it begins with a walk. Sometimes with coffee. Sometimes with one person asking another person, How are you, really? Hope Providers Need Hope, Too There is another part of humanitarian work that I believe we need to talk about much more openly. I call it providing hope for the hope providers . The people who spend their lives helping others—clinicians, first responders, veterans, caregivers, nonprofit leaders, teachers, humanitarians—can become extraordinarily good at appearing fine. They are often the people everyone else depends upon. That can make it very difficult for them to say, I need help. I think about suicide prevention through that wider lens. Long before someone reaches the most visible point of crisis, something may be disappearing mentally, emotionally, or spiritually. Someone may continue running an organization, caring for a family, or serving a community while quietly running out of resources themselves. I know something about this personally. After my husband died, there were moments when I did not want to be here. I had to find my own way through that terrain. Years later, during the aftermath of the Las Vegas shooting, my own grief resurfaced. I had spent years learning about self-care and teaching it to other people. But I discovered another layer underneath all my competence and activity. I needed to learn how to receive care, too. If we want people to remain in the work for the long haul, we have to support the people doing the supporting. Why ACEP Matters to Me This is one reason ACEP has become so important in my life. ACEP gives me community. It gives me people with whom I can have conversations I don't get to have anywhere else. It gives me trusted resources and colleagues who understand this work from the inside. Through ACEP's Humanitarian Committee and our conferences, I have met people who became dear friends—and then became collaborators in doing good in the world. We support one another. We challenge one another. We remind one another to practice the very things we teach. And ACEP's humanitarian work has never been only about what one committee accomplishes. Its real power lies in what happens when someone gets an idea, finds a few kindred spirits, learns useful tools, and takes them home. One person mentors another. One project becomes another. One community develops its own capacity to respond. Eventually, we don't even know where all the ripples have traveled. That is a good thing. Start Where You Are So what would I say to someone who feels called to humanitarian work but doesn't know where to begin? Start where you are. Find something you genuinely care about. Find the people already doing the work and listen to them. Learn a few practices that can help people regulate stress and reconnect with themselves and one another. Make those practices simple and accessible. Find collaborators. Take care of yourself while you are doing it. And then give other people permission to take what works and make it their own. You do not have to do everything. You are not supposed to. Maybe your contribution is traveling to a community in crisis. Maybe it is supporting the people who do. Maybe it is mentoring one young practitioner, gathering veterans for coffee, teaching a breathing technique, checking on a caregiver, or simply believing in someone who has forgotten how to believe in themselves. Make it simple. Make it fun. Do what you're here to do. Then let the ripples travel. Because perhaps that is the deepest lesson humanitarian work has taught me: we are not here to rescue one another. We are here to build communities strong enough that we can care for one another. About the Author Amy Frost, MBA, MA Spiritual Psychology, is an educator, facilitator, trainer, coach, writer, and longtime humanitarian whose work has included veterans, military families, first responders, community servants, and those who support them. A longtime member of ACEP's Humanitarian Committee and ACEP's 2018 Humanitarian of the Year, Amy has spent decades developing community-based approaches to resilience, self-care, peer support, and humanitarian service. Image by qimono from Pixabay
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